Montesquieu
Baron de Montesquieu studied the governments of Europe, from Italy to England. He studied the ancient governments and tried making critiques about the current government. Montesquieu wrote the book, "Separation of Powers" where he discusses the facts that no government or person should have complete power. Basically he was saying that there should be no kings or queens, and especially no absolute monarchy. This was because he thought absolute rulers could get over-excited and become bad rulers. Montesquieu also invented one of the most important ideas of government that we know today. This idea was checks and balances. Basically, there are three governing branches. The first is the executive branch, which is in charge of making the laws. This would be the president of any country, such as Obama. The second branch is the legislative branch. This branch carries out the law and is composed of congress. The third and final branch is the judicial branch. This branch is in charge of judging the law and deciding whether it's appropriate for the people. This form of government is used in several countries such as the United States, Bolivia, Australia, United Kingdom, and Italy.